Tag Archives: Cyrillic

Ayeri in Other Scripts Than Latin

Cyrillic

/p b t d k g/ ⟨п б т д к г⟩
/tʲ dʲ kʲ ɡʲ/ ⟨ть дь кь гь⟩ or ⟨ч ж ч ж⟩
/m n ŋ/ ⟨м н нг⟩
/v s h/ ⟨в с х⟩
/r l j/ ⟨р л й⟩

/a e i o u ə/ ⟨а е и о у ъ⟩
/aː eː iː oː/ ⟨aa ее ии оо⟩
/aɪ aːɪ eɪ ɔɪ ʊɪ aʊ/ ⟨ай аай ей ой уй ау⟩

Or with an acute to indicate vowel length:

/a e i o u ə/ ⟨а э и о у ъ⟩
/ja je ji jo ju/ ⟨я е ї ё ю⟩
/aː eː iː oː/ ⟨а́ э́ и́ о́⟩
/jaː jeː jiː joː/ ⟨я́ е́ ї́ ё́⟩
/aːɪ/ ⟨а́й⟩
/jaːɪ/ ⟨я́й⟩

/sa veˈsajon ˈkeɪnam‿ˈikan tiɡaˈneri naɪ kaɪtanˈjeri ˈsino naɪ ˈkamo || ri toˈraɪtos teˈnuban naɪ iˈpraŋ | naɪ aŋ mja ˈraŋkjon sitanˈjaːs kuˈnetu/

Са вeсайон кейнам-икан тиганери най кайтанйери сино най камо. Ри торайтос тенубан най ипранг, най анг мйа ранкйон ситанйаас ку-нету.

Са вэсаён кэйнам-икан тиганэри най кайтанери сино най камо. Ри торайтос тэнубан най ипранг, най анг мя ранкён ситаня́с ку-нэту.

There is no ⟨я ё ю⟩ in the first vowel transcription scheme because that would lead to problems when the vowel is long, unless you’d accept spellings like ⟨яа ёо юу⟩. The second cyrillicization, using an acute to indicate length, consequently uses ⟨э⟩ for /e/ to keep ⟨e⟩ as /je/; ⟨ї⟩ is used to write /ji/. Generally, instead of ⟨џ⟩, I’m tempted to use ⟨ж⟩ for [dʒ], even if that’s non-standard. ⟨ъ⟩ was borrowed from Bulgarian, but Ayeri’s /ə/ is usually spelled as ⟨a⟩ or ⟨e⟩ respectively in Tahano Hikamu, so this isn’t mandatory. If need be, /jə/ could be spelled as ⟨ъ̈⟩.

Greek

/p b t d k g/ ⟨π β τ δ κ γ⟩
/tʲ dʲ kʲ ɡʲ/ ⟨τϊ δϊ κϊ γϊ⟩ or ⟨τ̣ δ̣ τ̣ δ̣⟩
/m n ŋ/ ⟨μ ν γγ⟩ or /ŋ/ ⟨γ̇⟩
/v s h/ ⟨ϋ σ/ς χ⟩
/r l j/ ⟨ρ λ ϊ⟩

/a e i o u ə/ ⟨α ε ι ο υ ε̣⟩
/aː eː iː oː/ ⟨ᾶ η ῖ ω⟩
/aɪ aːɪ eɪ ɔɪ ʊɪ aʊ/ ⟨αι ᾶι ει οι υι αυ⟩

/sa veˈsajon ˈkeɪnam‿ˈikan tiɡaˈneri naɪ kaɪtanˈjeri ˈsino naɪ ˈkamo || ri toˈraɪtos teˈnuban naɪ iˈpraŋ | naɪ aŋ mja ˈraŋkjon sitanˈjaːs kuˈnetu/

A: Σα ϋεσαϊον κειναμ-ικαν τιγανερι ναι καιτανϊερι σινο ναι καμο. Ρι τοραιτος τενυβαν ναι ιπραγγ, ναι αγγ μϊα ραγκϊον σιτανϊᾶς κυ-νετυ.

B: Σα ϋεσαϊον κειναμ-ικαν τιγανερι ναι καιτανϊερι σινο ναι καμο. Ρι τοραιτος τενυβαν ναι ιπραγ̇, ναι αγ̇ μϊα ραγκϊον σιτανϊᾶς κυ-νετυ.

The dot-below diacritic (with ⟨γ⟩ as dot-above) is non-standard, but seems like a reasonable addition. ⟨χ⟩ is used instead of a rough breathing because that suits Ayeri’s phonology better. Furthermore, ⟨ϊ⟩ and ⟨ϋ⟩ are used to distinguish the consonant from the vowel respectively – though the trema isn’t strictly necessary. Writing ⟨μπ⟩, ⟨ντ⟩ for /b/, /d/ as in Modern Greek – and, by extension, ⟨νκ⟩ for /ɡ/ – was considered too cumbersome. Again, when spelled in Tahano Hikamu, there is no distinct character used for /ə/ in Ayeri, so ⟨ε̣⟩ is not mandatory. The spelling of the vowels doesn’t fully conform to both Ancient and Modern Greek otherwise either.

Devanāgarī

/pa ba ta da ka ga/ ⟨प ब त द क ग⟩
/tʲa dʲa kʲa ɡʲa/ ⟨त्य द्य क्य ग्य⟩ or ⟨च ज च ज⟩
/ma na ŋa/ ⟨म न ङ⟩
/va sa ha/ ⟨व स ह⟩
/ra la ja/ ⟨र ल य⟩

Onset /a e i o u/ ⟨अ ए इ ओ उ⟩
Onset /aː eː iː oː/ ⟨आ ऐ ई औ⟩
Onset /aɪ eɪ ɔɪ ʊɪ aʊ/ ⟨अइ एइ ओइ उइ अउ⟩
Onset /aŋ eŋ iŋ oŋ uŋ/ ⟨अं एं इं ओं उं⟩

Coda /e i o u ə/ ⟨े ि ो ु ॅ⟩
Coda /aː eː iː oː/ ⟨ा ै ी ौ⟩
Coda /aɪ aːɪ eɪ ɔɪ ʊɪ aʊ/ ⟨◌इ ाइ ेइ ोइ ुइ ◌उ⟩
Coda /aŋ eŋ iŋ oŋ uŋ/ ⟨ं ें िं ों ुं⟩

/sa veˈsajon ˈkeɪnam‿ˈikan tiɡaˈneri naɪ kaɪtanˈjeri ˈsino naɪ ˈkamo || ri toˈraɪtos teˈnuban naɪ iˈpraŋ | naɪ aŋ mja ˈraŋkjon sitanˈjaːs kuˈnetu/

स वेसयोन् केइन्म्-इकन् तिगनेरि नइ कइतनेरि सिनो नइ कमो. रि तोरइतोस् तेनुबन् नइ इप्रं, नइ अं म्य रंक्योन् सितन्यास् कु-नेतु.

Devanāgarī comes rather close to Ayeri’s own native script, since both are abugidas. A difficulty in this case is keeping /eː/ and /aɪ/ and /oː/ and /aʊ/ distinct. Hindi uses /ə/ as the inherent vowel, but for Ayeri, /a/ is more suitable. Hence, I decided to use ⟨ॅ⟩ for /ə/, although that isn’t strictly necessary for the reason outlined above: in Ayeri’s native spelling, ⟨a⟩ or ⟨e⟩ are used respectively. Using the dentals series for all dental and alveolar sounds was considered more straightforward than distinguishing the two by spelling /ta da/ as dentals and /na sa la/ as retroflexes. Virama is needed for clarity.

  • Added the acute-based length cyrillicization, modified description accordingly.
  • Mongolian apparently uses ⟨ч⟩, ⟨ж⟩ for /tʃʰ/, /tʃ/. Thus, I guess it’s OK if I use ⟨ч⟩, ⟨ж⟩ for /tʃ/, /dʒ/ respectively.
  • It was suggested to me to ignore the iotified vowels and go with a Serbian-like orthography, so ⟨а⟩, ⟨е⟩, ⟨и⟩, ⟨о⟩, ⟨у⟩ vs. ⟨ја⟩, ⟨је⟩, ⟨ји⟩, ⟨јо⟩, ⟨ју⟩. Diphthongs would also get spelled with ⟨ј⟩; vowel doubling would customarily indicate length.